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Brit. /
pr
d
d
s/, U.S. /prd
ds/ Forms: ME predyjusse (transmission error), ME pregedyse, ME pregedysse, ME pregidyse, ME preiudise, ME preivdice, ME prejidice, ME prejudise, ME prejudys, ME prejvdyse (in a late copy), ME preyudice, ME pridjudice, ME proiedyse (perh. transmission error), ME-15 preiudyse, ME-15 prejudyce, ME (in a late copy)-15 prejudyse, ME-16 preiudice, ME-16 preiudyce, ME- prejudice, 15 prejudize, 15-16 praeiudice, 16 preiudize, 16 prejudis; Sc. pre-17 praeiudice, pre-17 praejudice, pre-17 pregatys, pre-17 pregedeis, pre-17 pregedice, pre-17 pregedyce, pre-17 pregetis, pre-17 pregidice, pre-17 pregidis, pre-17 pregidys, pre-17 pregiteise, pre-17 pregites, pre-17 pregutes, pre-17 pregydeis, pre-17 pregytis, pre-17 preiedyce, pre-17 preiougice, pre-17 preiudice, pre-17 preiudise, pre-17 preiudyce, pre-17 preiudys, pre-17 prejeduce, pre-17 prejedus, pre-17 prejudic, pre-17 prejudies, pre-17 prejudis, pre-17 preuidice (perh. transmission error), pre-17 17- prejudice. [< Anglo-Norman prejudis, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French prejudice (French préjudice) harm, damage (second half of the 13th cent. in Old French; compare also Old French prejuise (13th cent.)), preliminary judgement (a1350), action of making a first attempt in order to anticipate what lies ahead (1559), precedent for similar cases in the future (1561) and its etymon classical Latin praei
dicium preliminary enquiry, preceding judgement or decision, precedent, opinion formed in advance, preconception, prejudice, damage < prae- PRE- prefix + idicium judgement, sentence (see JUDICIAL adj.). Compare Old Occitan, Occitan prejudici disadvantage, damage, harm (1253), Catalan prejudici disadvantage, damage, harm (1285; now obsolete), prejudice (19th cent. or earlier), perjudici disadvantage, damage, harm (13th cent.), Spanish perjuicio disadvantage, damage, harm (c1242), prejuicio disadvantage, damage, harm (13th cent. as prejudizio; now obsolete), prejudice (15th cent. as prejuizio), Portuguese prejuízo (13th cent.), Italian pregiudizio harm, injury (a1276), preconceived opinion (1665).]
I. Prejudgement.
1. a. Preconceived opinion not based on reason or actual experience; bias, partiality; (now) spec. unreasoned dislike, hostility, or antagonism towards, or discrimination against, a race, sex, or other class of people. 
In early use (see quot. c1300): contempt (obs.).
c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) 1701 in C. Horstmann
Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 155
e king in preiudice [
a1350 Ashm. despit] of him, and to bi-nimen him is
ri
te, Let
o
ur bischopes crouni is sone.
a1425 (
c1395)
Bible (
Wycliffite, L.V.
)
(Royal) (1850) 1 Tim. v. 21 Y preie..that thou kepe these thingis with oute preiudice [
a1425 E.V. withouten bifore dom; L.
sine præiudicio;
1582 Rheims without preiudice;
1611 A. V. without preferring,
marg. prejudice;
1881 R.V. without prejudice,
marg. preference].
c1450 (
a1400)
Orologium Sapientiæ in
Anglia (1888)
10 383
at inge at a man
love inwardly, hee..
coueiti at hit scholde be loved and preysed of alle
oere with-oute preiudice of hym-selfe.
a1475 (?
a1430)
LYDGATE tr. G. Deguileville
Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 6450 Thow herdyst how dame penaunce Made a declaracioun Off vj gatys..And fyve off hem..wer the wyttys fyue..The wych gatys..I wyl now take in specyal With-oute preiudice at al.
1582 R. MULCASTER 1st Pt. Elementarie ix. 44 Preiudice, when he that misliketh doth know the thing well, but is so wedded vnto, naie rather so bewitched with his own fantsie, which it self is seduced by som foren allurement, as he will rather mislike against knowledge, then withstand against fantsie.
1643 SIR T. BROWNE Relig. Medici I. §3 At a solemn Procession I have wept abundantly, while my consorts, blind with opposition and prejudice, have fallen into an excess of scorn and laughter.
1719 T. D'URFEY Wit & Mirth I. 342 Who rails at Faults, through Pers'nal Prejudice, Shews more his own, than shame another's Vice.
1762 A. DICKSON Treat. Agric. I. iii. 18 If a person divests himself of prejudice, and attachment to any particular opinion.
1790 E. BURKE Refl. Revol. in France 130 Prejudice renders a man's virtue his habit... Through just prejudice, his duty becomes a part of his nature.
1861 J. BRIGHT in
Times 18 July 9/3 Ignorance is the mother of prejudice, whether among nations or individuals.
1890 C. W. DILKE Problems of Great Britain 327 The general opinion of the English..is distinctly favourable to the moral qualities of the Boers, in spite of many obvious reasons why prejudice should come into the account.
1931 H. READ Meaning of Art II. 95 It is certainly prejudice which stands in the way of most people's appreciation of Baroque art.
1973 S. B
IKO in
Black Theol. v. 38 So immersed are they in prejudice that they do not believe that blacks can formulate their thoughts without white guidance
2002 N. N
ICOLSON Fanny Burney iv. 47 From ignorance, xenophobia and prejudice, the British regarded them not as victims of the Revolution, but as its perpetrators.
b. An instance of this; a feeling, favourable or unfavourable, towards a person, thing, or class; an unreasoning preference or objection; a bias.
1563 N. WIN
ET Certain Tractates (1890) II. 33/20 Pestilent errouris, quhilkis..thow may noth parsaue, quhilis thou is led be the præiudice of the auld doctrine.
1602 J. MARSTON Hist. Antonio & Mellida Induct sig. A4, I will defende the feminine to death; and ding his spirit to..hell, that dares diuulge a Ladies preiudice.
1654 J. BRAMHALL Just Vindic. Church of Eng. iii. 51 God looks upon his creatures with all their prejudices, and expects no more of them then according to the talents which he hath given them.
1662 B. G
ERBIER Brief Disc. Princ. Building 8 Being prepossessed with a prejudice.
1705 F. ATTERBURY Serm. St. James's Chapel 8 Such.have had all the early Prejudices of Education on the side of Truth.
1792 M. WOLLSTONECRAFT Vindic. Rights Woman ii. 59 A mistaken education, a narrow uncultivated mind, and many sexual prejudices, tend to make women more constant than men.
a1806 J. BARRY in R. N. Wornum
Lect. on Painting (1848) 228 The works of Correggio, for which they had contracted an early prejudice.
1830 I. D'ISRAELI Comm. Life Charles I III. i. 2 He cannot..remove the prejudices which are raised against him.
1894 H. DRUMMOND Lowell Lect. Ascent Man 5 A historian dares not have a prejudice, but he cannot escape a purpose.
1943 P. LARKIN Let. 1 Sept. in
Sel. Lett. (1992) 67 England may be full of dishonesty and unpleasantness and sordidity etc. but I..have a prejudice in favour of it.
1981 R. G. M
YERS Connecting Worlds 71 In some Third World circles, I have encountered what can only be labeled a prejudice against Indian researchers.
2001 J. B. J
ACOBS Hate Crimes 135 It is not sensible to infer the values and beliefs of our citizenry from the prejudices and conduct of a small number of vicious criminals.
c. Something prejudicial. Obs. rare
1.
a1732 F. ATTERBURY Serm. (1734) I. 27 Those Articles of the Roman Catholick Faith..are to be received implicitly, without..Discussion... Now this is the greatest Prejudice imaginable against the Truth of the Doctrines of any Church.
2. a. The action of judging an event beforehand; prognostication, presaging. Obs.
1560 J. DAUS tr. J. Sleidane
Commentaries f. xxviij
v, There were diuerse that diswaded hym, puttynge him in mynde howe his bokes were brent, which was a certen preiudice of his condemnation.
1590 SPENSER Faerie Queene II. ix. 49 That nought mote hinder his quicke prejudize.
1598 R. GRENEWEY tr. Tacitus
Descr. Germanie ii, in
Annales 261 So [they] trie their valour: and by that preiudice [L.
praeiudicio], coniecture on whose side the victorie shall fall.
b. A prior judgement; esp. a judgement formed hastily or before due consideration. Obs.
a1577 T. SMITH Commonw. of Eng. (1609) 88 For as twelue haue giuen a preiudice against him, so twelue againe must acquit or condemne him.
1600 P. HOLLAND tr. Livy
Rom. Hist. XXVI. ii. 583 Least that they might seeme to approve the very same thing by their prejudice [L.
praeiudicato] and dome aforehand.
1835 R. WHATELY in E. J. Whately
Life & Corr. R. Whately (1866) I. 313, I strongly protested against the charge of ‘prejudice’ in the strict sense, viz., as a
pre-judicium, a judgment formed antecedently to knowledge.
3. A preliminary or anticipatory judgement; a preconceived idea as to what will happen; an anticipation. Obs.
1748 B. R
OBINS & R W
ALTER Voy. round World by Anson II. ix. 225 Our former despair by degrees gave place to more sanguine prejudices.
1754-8 T. NEWTON Diss. Prophecies xi. 147 Let us lay aside all [traditions] and examine what prejudices can be gathered from records of good account.
1770 P. LUCKOMBE Conc. Hist. Printing 20 The..initial letters, &c...give a prejudice at sight of their being the first productions of the Art amongst us.
II. Harm, injury.
4. a. Harm, detriment, or injury to a person or thing resulting from a judgement or action, esp. one in which a person's rights are disregarded; resulting injury. Now chiefly in phrases.
in prejudice of: to the (intended or consequent) detriment or injury of. to the prejudice of: with resulting harm to. without prejudice, without detriment to any existing right or claim; (Law) without any damage to one's own rights or claims (see quot. 1872).
c1350 (
a1333)
WILLIAM OF SHOREHAM Poems (1902) 35
ef hyt ne be
naut to
y prest Malice ne preiudice.
1389 in T. Smith & L. T. Smith
Eng. Gilds (1870) 23 To make non ordinaunce in prejudice ne lettyng of ye comoun lawe.
c1440 S. S
CROPE tr. C. de Pisan
Epist. of Othea (St. John's Cambr.) (1970) 100 It is vileine & a foul
ing to refuse..
at e whiche may not turne to vice ne to preiudice.
a1475 (?
a1430)
LYDGATE tr. G. Deguileville
Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 3918 Al thys I wrouhte, thorgh my myht, With-oute preiudyce of your ryht.
?c1500 Mary Magdalene (Digby) 234 Be-warre ye do no pregedyse
a-en e law.
1534 (?
a1500)
Shearmen & Taylors' Pageant 407 in H. Craig
Two Coventry Corpus Christi Plays (1931) 14 ‘Can I nott aspy be noo wysse How thys chylde borne schuldbe with-ow [
read with-owt] naturis prejudyse.’.. ‘Nay, no prejvdyse vnto nature, I dare well sey.’
1567-8 in L. M. Clopper
Rec. Early Eng. Drama: Chester (1979) 81 Provided alwaies that the having of the said possessyon of the said Rowme place or mansyon shall not be hurtful nor preiudice to nether of the said parties.
1630 tr. G. Botero
Relations Famous Kingdomes World 292 The sheepe..or their fleeces, are bought up by the Netherlands, and imployed in the making of cloth, to some prejudice of ours in England.
1686 tr. J. Chardin
Coronation Solyman 10 in
Trav. Persia, To advance the Younger Son, in prejudice of the Eldest.
a1715 BP. G. BURNET Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 253 It was no small prejudice to him, that he was recommended by so bad a man.
1775 Rules & Regulations (
Articles of War)
in
Jrnls. Continental Congr. (
U.S.
)
II. 119 All dis-orders and neglects, which officers and soldiers may be guilty of, to the prejudice of good order and military discipline..are to be taken cognizance of.
1821 T. JEFFERSON Autobiogr. in
Writings (1984) 62 A material error which I have committed in another place to the prejudice of the Empress.
1838 in J. Manning & T. C. Granger
Rep. Common Pleas IX. 918 The above I offer without prejudice, in case it is not agreed to.
1845 J. R. MCCULLOCH Treat. Taxation (1852)
I. i. 43 It is easy to see that it might be entirely swept off by a tax, without prejudice to the interests of any class except the landlords.
1872 Wharton's Law Lexicon (ed. 5) 763/2
Without Prejudice, is [said in reference] to overtures and communications between litigants..before trial or verdict. The words import an understanding that if the negotiation fails, nothing that has passed shall be taken advantage of thereafter.
1936 F. G. Y
OUNG in
Lancet 8 Aug. 301/2 The pituitary substance..will be called the ‘glycotropic factor’ without prejudice to the question of its existence as a separate entity.
1986 Stone's Justices' Man. (ed. 118) III.
V. 6177 Without prejudice to rule 2(1), the Court or judge hearing an application for a writ of habeas corpus ad subjiciendum may in its or his discretion order that the person restrained be released.
2000 R. A. HALL Combat Battalion 245 They had apparently committed several offences including..conduct to the prejudice of good order and military discipline.
b. gen. Injury, damage, harm. Obs.
c1485 (1456) G. H
AY Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 126 And coud nane othir way escape fra the thef, but preiudice of his awin lyf, bot to sla him.
1539 T. CROMWELL in R. B. Merriman
Life & Lett. Cromwell (1902) II. 203 Veray lothe his highne[s] wold be to see any of them..to take any harme or preiudice at the papistes handes.
1565 A. GOLDING tr. Cæsar
Martiall Exploytes in Gallia V. f. 119
v, He sent hys wagoners..out of the woodes vpon our men of armes and encountred with them to their great preiudice.
1591 R. GREENE Maidens Dreame Ep. Ded., Your deceased Vnckle, whose death being the common preiudice of a present age, was lamented of most.
1600 J. LANE Tom Tel-Troths Message 591 As rauening wolues that liue by preiudice.
1657 S. PURCHAS Theatre Flying-insects 135 This prejudice is chiefly caused in narrow and close grounds..and seldome comes on hills.
1678 G. MACKENZIE Laws & Customes Scotl. (1699)
I. xi. §6 61 If the prejudice be done by the Horses foremost feet, then the Rider shall be forc'd to satisfy for the Prejudice done.
a1714 in W. Fraser
Earls of Cromartie II. 472 Maugre all the prejudice of warr.
1741 H. P
UREFOY Let. 3 May in G. Eland
Purefoy Lett. (1931) I. iii. 59 You have Judgement good enough to know whether this slob will prove right or no; it is a great prejudice to the new clean floor to take the slob up and put it down.
1790 R. BEATSON Naval & Mil. Mem. I. 314 They were so well covered by a bank of sand, that the cannon of the frigates could not do them the smallest prejudice.
c. U.S. euphem. In the jargon of the intelligence community. to terminate with extreme prejudice: to assassinate. termination with extreme prejudice: assassination. Hence in extended use (chiefly humorous) with extreme prejudice: with great vigour or effect; with finality; to an extraordinary or impressive degree.
1969 N.Y. Times 14 Aug. 2/ His status as a double agent was reportedly confirmed by the Central Intelligence Agency, which..suggested that he either be isolated or ‘terminated with extreme prejudice’.
1974 F. NOLAN Oshawa Project xvi. 105 Had he been taken out by his own people?.. He had seen some of those files with the brutal red block letters stamped diagonally across the page:
Terminate with extreme prejudice.
1980 C. P
INCHER Dirty Tricks i. 10 A ‘termination with extreme prejudice’, as the CIA called its assassination projects in those days
1990 C. B
UCKLEY Wet Work 5 ‘Extreme Unction’ always sounded so severe, you know? Like ‘Unction with Extreme Prejudice.’
1992 Economist 21 Nov. 156/3 If you come upon them extending the linguistic frontiers of Gobbledom, action a scenario for their termination with extreme prejudice. Or, as Johnson would put it, kill 'em off.
2004 Weekly Standard 25 Oct. 4, I have, gingerly, suggested to my wife that we might consider turning the volume down on the [baby] monitor so that we hear only the really loud wails... This suggestion was..dismissed with extreme prejudice.
COMPOUNDS
prejudice-born adj.
1902 Daily Chron. 28 Oct. 7/1 Error stupendous, sublime, indefensible, *Prejudice-born, I am sadly afraid. 1937 Social Forces 16 187/1 It is only too clear from the enormous examples of hysteria..fads, blind sectarianism, and of other prejudice-born biases of whatever sort, that enormous areas of human action flow from motivations which true reflection has had little or no part in shaping.
prejudice-breeding adj.
1896 Appletons' Pop. Sci. Monthly Dec. 270/1 They did not foresee such a revival of the *prejudice-breeding protectionist system. a1916 A. FAIRCLOUGH Teaching Equality (2001) 21 Dyed-in-the-wool Southerner..possessing all the prejudice-breeding attitudes.
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