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Sunday, October 31, 2010

AWADmail Issue 435

 Wordsmith.orgThe Magic of Words 

Oct 31, 2010
This week's theme
Words made with combining forms

This week's words
ventriloquism
posology
onomancy
hagiolatry
misogamy

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AWADmail Issue 435

A Compendium of Feedback on the Words in A.Word.A.Day and Other Tidbits about Words and Language

This week's Email of the Week winner is Chris Shea (see below), who will walk a little taller in his big-stick Texist Uppitshirt.


From: Anu Garg (words at wordsmith.org)
Subject: Interesting stories from the net

Tibetans in China Protest Proposed Curbs on Their Language
The New York Times

'Haitch' or 'aitch'? How do you pronounce 'H'?
BBC News


From: Carol Freeman (cfreeman forsythtech.edu)
Subject: ventriloquism
Def: 1. The art or practice of speaking without moving lips so that the voice seems to be coming from somewhere else. 2. The expression of one's views through another person, used as a literary technique.

This word sent me running back to John Ciardi's Second Browser's Dictionary (c. 1983), where he appends this note after the definition of ventriloquism:

"Historic. Early witch doctors must have mastered ventriloquism as an art of mystification, as still practiced by Eskimo, African, and Polynesian witch doctors, the geographical distribution indicating the antiquity of the practice. The priests of various oracles and idols used ventriloquism to make their voices sound as if from the sacred object. The true art, I suspect, lay not so much in the practice of this fraud, but in the priests' ability to believe the fraud was divinely directed."

That last sentence always gave me chills.


From: Joe Fleischman (jfleischman wbcm.com)
Subject: posology
Def: The study of drug dosages.

In reading Peter Mere Latham's quotation, "Poisons and medicine are oftentimes the same substance given with different intents," my thoughts went immediately to the anti-coagulant medication Coumadin. When my father-in-law was taking this medication, I was quite surprised to learn it was actually a medical version of the rat poison, Warfarin.

Whereas the poison version is intended to kill by promoting internal bleeding in its victims, the medical version is intended to save lives by preventing blood clots through carefully controlled dosage.


From: Chris Weaver (chrweave gmail.com)
Subject: posology

Paracelsus, the famous renaissance physician is regarded as the father of toxicology. Perhaps his most famous quotation is:

"All things are poison and nothing is without poison, only the dose permits something not to be poisonous." ("Alle Ding' sind Gift, und nichts ohn' Gift; allein die Dosis macht, daß ein Ding kein Gift ist.")


Email of the Week - (Sponsored by Smart Pills - Ignorance can be cured.)

From: Chris Shea (cshea medicine.bsd.uchicago.edu)
Subject: onomancy
Def: Divination by the letters of a name.

"Some parents name their children after careful consideration of onomancy to assure the best possible future for them."

A great example of this notion is set forth in "The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman" by Laurence Sterne. The hapless hero's father intends that his son shall receive the most powerful and fortunate name, Trismegistus ("thrice-greatest"), but through a misunderstanding he gets stuck with the woeful name Tristram ("sad").


From: Kate Karp (doowopqueen yahoo.com)
Subject: Re: A.Word.A.Day--onomancy

Dionne Warwick went through this -- she either dropped or added the e at the end of her name. Don't know how much good it did. Roger McGuinn of the Byrds was born as Jim McGuinn. He tells the story at his concerts of how he decided that Jim just didn't fit him and he wanted something extraordinary. He was practicing an Eastern religion at the time, and his guru told him that he felt a vibe from the letter R. He asked McGuinn to come up with a name with that initial consonant that resounded with his passion. McGuinn adored space travel and science fiction (check out the Byrds' clever "Mr. Spaceman"), so he thought up things like robot, rocket, rrrrrrrrrr, and roger, the latter being the radio call for "received and understood". After all the mishegoss about wanting something out of the ordinary, the guru advised Roger so that he'd be taken somewhat seriously. I don't know whether that gave him the psychic boost he needed -- that came from talent and maybe a few other little elements -- but it sure was some oddly humorous version of karma.


From: Rudy Rosenberg Sr (RRosenbergSr accuratechemical.com)
Subject: Re: A.Word.A.Day--onomancy

My father was born in Poland and his name was Rozenberg. When he arrived in Belgium where I was born, the name was changed to Rosenberg that was pronounced as if it still had the "Z". (Is there a term for when the S is S and when it turns into a Z?)

When I arrived in the USA back in 1949, my name was routinely pronounced with the Zee and always sounded "RoZenberg". In recent years and more and more, telephone operators and solicitors now pronounce my name with the ss sound. Thus I am becoming "Rosssenberg" This gives me an immediate clue that the person at the other end is Hispanic. The change from being Rozenberg to the new Rosssenberg does not please me. Is there a term for that new pronunciation twist?

Have other readers experienced similar changes recently?


From: Lucie Singh (lmsingh aol.com)
Subject: Words made with combining forms

Misomiso - the hatred of Japanese soup
Posoposole - the study of overeating Mexican soup


From: Hope Bucher (hopebucher gmail.com)
Subject: AWAD this week 10/25/10

Having grown up in "The Hamptons", I was made aware at an early age of the importance of the Social Register -- the list of names and addresses of prominent American families who form the social elite.

At the time, I lacked the proper nomenclature but now, with the encouragement of this week's AWAD, I will create "onomatolatry" for the worship of names in this pretentious compilation.


From: Alfredo Cruz (alfredo.cruz rrd.com)
Subject: permutations

This is rather obvious, I know. I should even be ashamed, but temptation was too much to resist. Thanks for the fun!

-loquy
-logy
-mancy
-latry
-gamy
(to speak)
(study)
(divination)
(worship)
(marriage)
ventr-
(belly)
ventriloquy-(to speak from belly)
ventrlogy-(study bellies)
ventromancy (divination by belly)
ventrolatry (worship of bellies)
ventrogamy (belly marriage)
poso-
(what quantity)
posoloquy (to speak what quantity)
posology (study what quantity)
posomancy (divination of what quantity)
posolatry (what quantity worship)
posogamy (what quantity of marriage)
onoma-
(name)
onomatoloquy (to speak names)
onomalogy (study names)
onomamancy (divination by names)
onomalatry (naming worship)
onomagamy (marriage in name only)
hagio-
(holy)
hagioloquy (to speak holy)
hagiology (study of holiness)
hagiomancy (holy divination)
hagiolatry (worship holy)
hagiogamy (marriage with the holy)
miso-
(hate)
misoloquy (to speak hate)
misology
(study of hate)
misomancy (hate of divination)
misolatry (hate of worship)
misogamy (hate of marriage)


From: F.J. Bergmann (demiurge fibitz.com)
Subject: harlequin (Re: AWADmail Issue 434)

A reader sent you incorrect information: "There is a certain gene affecting coat color in dogs, which causes a mottled pattern overlying the basic color. In most breeds it is called merle, but the Great Dane breeders call it harlequin." In Great Danes, harlequin is white-and-black spotted, like a piebald horse. Merle is a blue-gray base color with smaller black or darker gray spots. Merle is not accepted as a show dog color, but harlequin is.


A THOUGHT FOR TODAY:
Our expression and our words never coincide, which is why the animals don't understand us. -Malcolm De Chazal, writer and painter (1902-1981)

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    "ghoulish" - Word of the Day from the OED

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    ghoulish, a.

    SECOND EDITION 1989  

    ({sm}gu{lm}l{shti}{sh})  [f. GHOUL n. + -ISH.] 

        Of the nature of, resembling, or characteristic of ghouls.

    a1845 HOOD Open Quest. vi, The spirit of the place..Turns fell hyæna of the ghoulish race? 1875 M. E. BRADDON Strange World I. ix. 150 They had done nothing but talk about the murder all the morning with a ghoulish gusto.
    Comb. 1881 BLACK Sunrise III. vii. 99 These dusky shadows lent something ghoulish-looking to his head, and face, and sparkling black eyes.

        Hence {sm}ghoulishly adv., in a ghoulish manner.

    1844 Blackw. Mag. LV. 550 The difference is nearly as great as between Lady Amine eating rice with a bodkin, and the same fair one battening ghoulishly upon the cold meat in the cemetery. 1890 Voice (N.Y.) 20 Feb., It ghoulishly dug up some of George's [Washington's] personal weaknesses.

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    [Increase My Vocabulary]

    Pallidly:
    in a manner lacking interest or vitality

    Saturday, October 30, 2010

    "parathyroid" - Word of the Day from the OED

    OED Online Word of the Day

    OED Online will relaunch in December 2010. Find out more...

    Now Available: How to Read a Word

    Noted lexicographer Elizabeth Knowles provides a 'how-to' guide for budding word detectives, showing how to explore the history of words from origin to current usage, identifying both the questions you should ask and how to answer them. Click here for more details.

    'An indispensable field guide for all word origin hunters, full of insider's tips and practical advice' John Mitchinson, co-author of QI: The Book of General Ignorance

    Now available: the Historical Thesaurus of the Oxford English Dictionary

    This new print publication provides a unique resource for scholars researching linguistic and literary history, the history of the language, social history, and more. Read more and see a sample page.

    "An indispensable tool for writers." –School Library Journal.


    parathyroid, adj. and n.

    DRAFT REVISION Mar. 2009  
    Anat.,Zool., and Physiol.

    Brit. /{smm}par{schwa}{sm}{vdftheta}{revv}{shti}r{revc}{shti}d/, U.S. /{smm}p{ope}r{schwa}{sm}{vdftheta}a{shti}{smm}r{revc}{shti}d/  [< PARA- prefix1 + THYROID n., after scientific Latin parathyreoideus (in glandula parathyreoidea, I. Sandström 1880, in Upsala Läkareförenings Förhandl. 15 466). Compare French parathyroïde (1896 as adjective, 1905 as noun).] 

        A. adj.

        I. Special uses.

        1. a. parathyroid gland n. any of several (in humans and other mammals, usually four) small endocrine glands located near or embedded in the thyroid gland, which produce a hormone that plays a major role in calcium metabolism.

    1895 Jrnl. Physiol. 18 p. xxx, The tissue of the parathyroid gland does not at all resemble that of the thyroid in its adult form. 1948 L. C. MARTIN & M. HYNES Clin. Endocrinol. v. 101 Four parathyroid glands are normally situated at the posterior extremities of the lateral lobes of the thyroid. 1968 New Eng. Jrnl. Med. 21 Mar. 666/1 Parathyroid glands do not appear in evolution before the amphibians. 1992 Day (New London, Connecticut) 27 July A A6/1 Sometimes an underlying disease like an overactive parathyroid gland or an overdose of vitamin D disrupts calcium absorption of metabolism.

        b. parathyroid body n. now rare = parathyroid gland n. at sense A. 1a.

    1897 Science 9 July 38/1 In this list we can place such glands as the liver, pancreas, thyroid and parathyroid bodies. 1947 Q. Rev. Biol. 22 126/2 The different anatomical situation of the parathyroid bodies in the rabbit and the dog had not been taken into account. 1999 Dis. Esophagus 12 314 Esopharyngolaryngeal resection for carcinoma of the cervical esophagus must be accompanied by resection of the thyroid gland, parathyroid bodies, and regional lymph nodes.

        c. parathyroid glandule n. disused = parathyroid gland n. at sense A. 1a.

    1906 Jrnl. Med. Res. 15 399 It has been suggested that paralysis agitans is due to insufficiency of the parathyroid glandules. 1934 Proc. Royal Soc. B. 115 88 The conception that these and other adenomas of the ductless glands as those of the parathyroid glandules and pancreatic islets represent actively secreting conglomerations of normal cells.

        2. parathyroid hormone n. Physiol. a polypeptide hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands, which acts on the bones, kidneys, and intestine to increase the amount of calcium in the blood; = PARATHORMONE n.

    1925 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 63 395 (title) The extraction of a parathyroid hormone which will prevent or control parathyroid tetany and which regulates the level of blood calcium. 1985 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 1 June 1628/1 Diagnosis is confirmed by showing an absent urinary cyclic response of adenosine-5´-monophosphate (AMP) to parathyroid hormone infusion. 2004 Washington Post (Home ed.) 16 Mar. F4/1 The drug contains a synthetic form of human parathyroid hormone, the primary regulator of calcium and phosphate in bones.

        II. General uses.

        3. Of or relating to the parathyroid gland.

    1907 Science 9 Aug. 172/2 It has been found that the symptoms of tetany following parathyroidectomy in dogs can be inhibited by the hypodermic injection of parathyroid nucleoproteid. 1949 H. W. C. VINES Green's Man. Pathol. (ed. 17) xxxii. 860 The classical syndrome of parathyroid hypersecretion is osteitis fibrosa cystica. 1966 G. P. WRIGHT & W. S. SYMMERS Systemic Pathol. II. xxxii. 1130/1 ‘Parathyroid poisoning’ is a term that has been applied to the sudden increase in the extent of metastatic calcification of organs..when a high calcium diet is forced on the hyperparathyroid patient. 1987 E. W. BURR Compan. Bird Med. xii. 73/1 Arnall et al...reports the occurrence of osteomalacia in old parrots with parathyroid tumors (primary hyperparathyroidism). 1993 Brit. Jrnl. Surg. 80 454/2 Two intrathyroidal parathyroid adenomas were found in 47 resected thyroid specimens.

        B. n.    A parathyroid gland.

    1896 Proc. Royal Soc. 1895-6 59 360 Partial thyroidectomy was so performed as to remove both the parathyroids. 1897 T. C. ALLBUTT et al. Syst. Med. III. 314 Certain bodies known as accessory thyroids and parathyroids. 1927 R. C. MACFIE Body 76 Under the lobes of the thyroid are four little glands, a pair on each side called the parathyroids. 1960 Farmer & Stockbreeder 1 Mar. 136/1 There are two parathyroids in the bird. 1984 J. R. TIGHE & D. R. DAVIES Pathol. (ed. 4) xxii. 209 A rim of normal parathyroid is compressed around the tumour. 1993 Brit. Jrnl. Surg. 80 40/1 Autotransplantation of parathyroid fragments into forearm muscle and cryopreservation of reserve parathyroid.

        DERIVATIVES

        parathy{sm}roidal adj. rare of or relating to a parathyroid gland.

    1897 T. C. ALLBUTT et al. Syst. Med. III. 314 *Parathyroidal and thyroidal tissue do not play an equivalent part in preventing the development of the symptoms which follow thyroidectomy. 1987 Internat. Surg. 72 104 Of the 90 cases of primary hyperparathyroidism surgically treated in our department over the last decade (1975-1985), ten cases had a mediastinal parathyroidal adenoma. 2003 ANZ Jrnl. Surg. 73 284 Parathyroid rests were found in 37% of extra parathyroidal tissues submitted for analysis.

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    [Increase My Vocabulary]

    Alluvial Deposit:
    clay or silt or gravel carried by rushing streams and deposited where the stream slows down

    Friday, October 29, 2010

    Today's Word: lucubration

    Your daily dose of Vocab Vitamins

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    San Francisco, CA 94110

    (noun)
    [loo'-kyoo-BRAY-shahn] Play Word

    1. long, laborious study or contemplation, especially at night; cogitation; meditation: "I aced his class, but my endless hours of lucubration that semester stunted my social life and eliminated any possibility for romance."

    2. (usually used in the plural) a written work resulting from prolonged, laborious effort or study, often taking a pedantic or pretentious tone


    Origin:
    Approximately 1595; from Latin, 'lucubration-,' from 'lucubratio': study by night, work produced at night, from 'lucubrare': to work by lamplight.

    In action:
    "To understand such art-world mysteries, it must also be understood that the academic and curatorial elites who nowadays are in a position to nominate contemporary talent for stardom have agendas which often have little or nothing to do with artistic excellence. They actually seem to prefer low-level art of this sort, if only because it is so crucially dependent upon the lucubrations of the academics and curators themselves for providing it with a significance that the work itself, unaided by cataracts of artspeak, cannot achieve on its own."

    Hilton Kramer. "Why Give So Much Space To Lightweight Twombly?" The New York Observer (June 18, 2001).

    "Nor do I doubt that ingenious and learned mathematicians will sustain me, if they are willing to recognize and weigh, not superficially, but with that thoroughness which Philosophy demands above all things, those matters which have been adduced by me in this work to demonstrate these theories. In order, however, that both the learned and the unlearned equally may see that I do not avoid anyone�s judgment, I have preferred to dedicate these lucubrations of mine to Your Holiness rather than to any other, because, even in this remote corner of the world where I live, you are considered to be the most eminent man in dignity of rank and in love of all learning and even of mathematics, so that by your authority and judgment you can easily suppress the bites of slanderers, albeit the proverb hath it that there is no remedy for the bite of a sycophant. If perchance there shall be idle talkers, who, though they are ignorant of all mathematical sciences, nevertheless assume the right to pass judgment on these things, and if they should dare to criticise and attack this theory of mine because of some passage of Scripture which they have falsely distorted for their own purpose, I care not at all; I will even despise their judgment as foolish."

    Nicolaus Copernicus (1473�1543). Polish astronomer. [Dedication of the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies to Pope Paul III.]"

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    A.Word.A.Day--misogamy

     Wordsmith.orgThe Magic of Words 

    Oct 29, 2010
    This week's theme
    Words made with combining forms

    This week's words
    ventriloquism
    posology
    onomancy
    hagiolatry
    misogamy


    A Word A Day
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    misogamy

    PRONUNCIATION:
    (mi-SOG-uh-mee)

    MEANING:
    noun: Hatred of marriage.

    ETYMOLOGY:
    From Greek miso- (hate) + -gamy (marriage). Earliest recorded use: 1560.

    USAGE:
    "Misogamy drives the plot. Marriage itself is seen as a series of ratty exchanges in which partners gnaw at past infidelities."
    Michael Billington; Blithe Spirit; The Guardian (London, UK); Aug 26, 2004.

    Explore "misogamy" in the Visual Thesaurus.

    A THOUGHT FOR TODAY:
    The time will come when men such as I will look upon the murder of animals as they now look on the murder of men. -Leonardo da Vinci, painter, engineer, musician, and scientist (1452-1519)

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    Learnt a lot from vicissitudes of life, I am a student of life, A work in progress, currently(sic) an overweight body but a beautiful mind, Another human seeking happiness. I believe in sharing and absorbing wisdom irrespective of the source. (aa no bhadraa kratavo...)