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Brit. /r
z
st(
)nt/, U.S. /r
zst()nt/, /rizst()nt/ Forms: 15 resistante, 15 resistaunt, 15 resistaunte, 15- resistant; also Sc. pre-17 resistand. [< Middle French resistant (c1370 as adjective, 1480 as noun; French résistant), use as adjective of present participle of résister RESIST v. Compare earlier RESISTENT adj. and the Romance parallels cited at that entry. With use as noun compare earlier RESISTER n. and later RESISTENT n. With sense B. 1 compare RÉSISTANT n.2 and discussion at that entry.]
A. adj.
1. a. That makes or offers resistance or opposition; tending to resist someone or something; unyielding; not susceptible. Freq. with to.
a1513 J. I
RLAND Meroure of Wyssdome f. 352
v, in
Dict. Older Sc. Tongue (at cited word), Quhen thai are inobedient and resistant to his justice and lawis He suld punys thame.
1548 W. PATTEN Exped. Scotl. f. 46, It is a spirite or breath..running in the clowdes that causeth the thunder: and after it hath contended wyth the resistant matter brasteth out.
1578 J. BANISTER Hist. Man VIII. f. 111
v, Collumbus also not seemyng obstinately resistaunt in this matter, sayth, if any such [nerve] be, it is to be imagined at the extreme part of the Spinal marey.
1610 J. GUILLIM Display of Heraldrie III. xvii. 159 The rending and ruine of all that were resistant.
1665 K. DIGBY Two Treatises (new ed.)
I. ix. 83 The force of the Agent in counterpoises, ought to be encreased as much as the line of extent of the medium..doth exceed the line of extent of the medium, along which the resistant [
1644 resistent] body is to be moved.
1725 J. S
EDGWICK New Treat. Liquors v. 64 Exposing the Body to Cold..or drinking Water cold, is look'd upon as wholsome and beneficial, it making the Parts more firm, stable and resistant.
a1774 A. TUCKER Light of Nature (1831) IV. 216 It is the essence of matter to be solid, that is, resistant and moveable.
1834 Boston Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 29 Oct. 188 The tumor was hard at the posterior part, and resistant to the touch.
1860 J. TYNDALL Glaciers of Alps II v. 252 Each portion of the ice is surrounded by a resistant mass.
1884 Contemp. Rev. Oct. 528 The pressure of resistant wills now becomes incalculable.
1928 A. G
ESELL Infancy & Human Growth v. 102 There were many other items..which were clinically evident to the observer but resistant to concrete formulation.
1950 V. L. S. C
HARLEY Recent Adv. Fruit Juice Prod. 77 Mould and yeast spores..are more resistant and often survive heat treatment.
1989 H. LEE Willa Cather i. 3 She is a resistant subject, even an obstructive one.
2000 Amer. Prospect 6 Nov. 39/2 E-mail users may become increasingly resistant to unwelcome propaganda.
b. Able to withstand disease, infection, or attack by pests.
In early use: spec. (of a vine) not susceptible to phylloxera.
1876 Nature 26 Oct. 584/2 Study of comparative analyses of several varieties of American [vine] stocks, resistant and non-resistant. 1898 U.S. Dept. Agric. Yearbk. 1897 399 The..cross yielded the Golden Clairette, a valuable new sort [of vine], apparently highly resistant to Phylloxera. 1925 Scribner's Mag. July 1/1 Genetics has made possible better strains of livestock... Disease is less to be feared because of resistant stocks. 1953 R. W. FAIRBROTHER Text-bk. Bacteriol. (ed. 7) ix. 103 Algerian sheep..are considered to be more resistant to anthrax than other types of sheep. 1989 Horticulture Oct. 72/4 As for pests and diseases, this floriferous sunflower is generally resistant. 2007 Canad. Gardening Summer 69/1 Nannyberry is resistant to the viburnum beetle, which feasts upon the foliage of many other viburnums.
c. Insensitive to the action of an antibiotic, a pesticide, potentially harmful treatment, etc.
1884 Lancet 9 Aug. 252/1 The organism is one of the largest bacilli, and when grown on cultivating materials outside the body it forms spores, which are extremely resistant to heat and chemical antiseptics.
1913 L. C. P
ARKES & H. R. K
ENWOOD Hygiene & Public Health (ed. 5) xi. 602 There is evidence that some of the more resistant organisms (
B. anthracis) may resist boiling for longer periods.
1958 Nursing (St. John Ambulance Assoc.) xv. 193 Streptomycin is the specific drug for treating tuberculosis, but its use is complicated by the fact that the organisms gradually become resistant to it.
1972 S. B
RUBAKER To live on Earth i. 3 As more pesticides are used, resistant pest strains develop.
2004 J. PLAYFAIR Living with Germs (2007) ix. 233 The one encouraging feature is that, in the absence of antibiotics, the resistant strains usually grow slightly less well than the ‘normal’ susceptible ones.
2. Used as the second element in adjectival compounds, with the first element indicating that against which resistance is offered.
For more established compounds, as abrasion-, acid-, crease-, disease-, drought-, drug-, fire-, heat-, shock-, water-resistant, etc., see the first element.
1858 Sketch Bk. St. Louis 229 The list of letters and certificates which he has received in praise of the fire-resistant qualities would fill a volume much larger than this.
1896 Bull. N. Y. Agric. Experiment Station No. 100. 67, I hope to..make further inquiry into the whole subject of rust-resistant varieties.
1906 E. W. HILGARD Soils xxv. 526 Chlorosis..renders many of the American phylloxera-resistant vines useless to the viticulturists of France.
1937 Amer. Home Apr. 141/2 (
advt.) Long-stemmed sweet peas; yellows-resistant cabbage.
1957 Times Lit. Suppl. 22 Mar. 174/3 His sympathies are so one-sidedly Jewish that he sometimes makes a reader sales-resistant.
1986 Consumer Reports Oct. 683/1 Since none of them have a child-resistant closure, keep all of them away from the enterprising young.
2008 Guardian 26 Aug. 21/1 Exploiting submerged rot-resistant hardwoods such as ebony, wawa or odum trees in Lake Volta..could slow deforestation.
B. n.1
1. A person who or thing which resists (something or someone); a resister; (in later use esp.) a member of a resistance movement. Cf. RÉSISTANT n.2
1548 W. PATTEN Exped. Scotl. sig. E.iiii, A small sort of resistauntes might haue bene able to kepe doun a great number of cummers vp.
1571 R. R
AINOLDE Chron. Noble Emperours f. 217
v, By mayne force he pearced thorow y
e enemyes, making a notable slaughter of the resistantes.
1602 W. WATSON Decacordon 2 The thunder-bolt fell vpon the afflicted Priests.., striking all resistants with Ecclesiasticall censures.
1659 J. PEARSON Expos. Creed VI. 577 According to the degrees of power in the Agent and the Resistant, is an action perform'd or hindered.
1792 J. W
EAVER Free Thoughts 27 God..knew also, by what treasures of wrath, by what severities he would at length overcome these obstinate resistants.
1830 G. D
ARLEY Familiar Astron. ix. 222 A very small degree of resistance, indeed, is necessary to throw off a body which strikes
obliquely on the resistant.
1885 Cent. Mag. May 47/2 The heroism of martyrs and resistants..serves him for many a song and ballad.
1903 Westm. Gaz. 3 June 7/1 To issue summonses against Nonconformist passive resistants.
1944 Ann. Reg. 1943 172 To the injury of the United Nations and the French resistants.
1959 Sunday Times 22 Mar. 23/7 A disguised and wounded Hungarian resistant.
2005 M. H
OWE Morocco iii. 83 Resistants organized several unsuccessful attacks on ‘the puppet sultan’ and his master, the Glaoui.
2. In calico-printing, etc.: = RESIST n. 2. Now rare.
1860 C. O'NEILL Chem. Calico Printing, Dyeing, & Bleaching xv. 141 Citric acid, whether in pure crystals or in lime juice, is the best resistant for iron and alumina mordants.
1879 Spons' Encycl. Manuf. I. 50 The first crops of citric acid crystals..are used largely by the calico-printer as a ‘resistant’ for iron and alumina mordants.
1995 P. C
ASPARD in D. M. Hafter
European Women & Preindustrial Craft II. vii. 120 Thus applying resistants and painting with blue were carried out by different workers.
DERIVATIVES
re
sistantly adv. resistingly; with resistance.
1612 J. SPEED Theatre of Empire of Great Brit. I. x. 19/1 Brightrik..sent the Steward of his house to know their intents, whom *resistantly they slew.
1862 Knickerbocker Dec. 545/1 Upon its [
sc. a paralysed arm's] being held resistantly by another person, he could both flex and extend it.
1974 Amer. Ethnologist 1 112 The Jews of Yemen slowly and resistantly adapted to life in Israel.
2004 M. H
AMES-G
ARCIA Fugitive Thought iv. 183 Clark's death results from the prisoners' giving themselves over to an oppressive society, rather than practicing freedom resistantly.
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