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(
wa
nd
) [f. WIND v.1 + -ING1.
OE. had windung only in concr. sense, ‘plecta’ = Du. winding coil, convolution, OHG., early MHG. winting, winding ‘fascia’, ‘fasciola’, stocking, ON. vindingr hose.]
I. The action of WIND v.1, or the resulting condition. (See also 10.)
1. a. Motion in a curve; turning this way and that in one's course; sinuous progress or movement; 
formerly also, revolution, rotation; undulating motion.
In first quot. of doubtful meaning; ? = TROPIC n. 1a.
1387-8 T. USK Test. Love I. iii. (Skeat) l. 39 To travayle and see the wynding of the erthe in that tyme of winter.
1398 TREVISA Barth. De P.R. IX. iii. (Add. MS. 27944), A
ere is
e fulle cours and passinge and windinge aboute of
e sonne.
1530 PALSGR. 289/1 Wyndyng,
uolubilité.
1552 LATIMER Serm., Luke xxi. (1562) 133 How he stretcheth out all his membres, what a winding is there, so that all his body commeth out of frame!
1573 BARET Alv. W233 The windinges of serpentes.
1620 MELTON Astrolog. 70 Birds, and Fowles, with their Motions, Chatterings, Croakings, Winding.
1623 J. TAYLOR (Water P.)
New Discov. C2b, For there hath he..vsed such a deale of intricate Setting, Grafting, Planting..turning, winding, and returning circular [etc.].
1679 MOXON Mech. Exerc. ix. 151 These [stairs], because they sometimes wind, and sometimes fly off from that winding, take therefore the more room up in the Stair-Case.
1709 T. ROBINSON Vind. Mos. Syst. 101 These [Plants]..in their Windings, always follow the Motion of the Sun.
1760-72 H. BROOKE Fool of Qual. (1809) IV. 27 That graceful winding of person.
1770 W. GILPIN Wye (1782) 32 The winding of the river.
1834 NEWMAN Par. Serm. I. xviii. 274 They wish to arrive at the heights of Mount Zion without winding round its base.
1844 KINGLAKE Eothen xii, With very little of devious winding, it [
sc. Jordan] carries the shining waters of Galilee..into the solitudes of the Dead Sea.
1869 S
IR F. F
ITZWYGRAM Horses & Stables §931 Winding of the fore-foot is also very objectionable.
b. Naut. (see WIND v.1 8, 19b, 24g).
c1635 N. BOTELER Dial. Sea Services (1685), Winding of a Ship.
1639 (Oct. 18)
Admir. Crt. Exam. 55 (P.R.O) It being upon wyndeinge upp of the tide. [Cf. quot. 1691 s.v.
WIND v.1 22g.]
2. fig. a. Turning this way and that in thought or conduct; nearly always pl. devious or intricate motions, tortuous or crooked ways or dealings.
1621 BURTON Anat. Mel. II. iii.
III. 404 Hearts ease, I cannot compasse with all my carefull windings, & running in & out.
a1641 BP. R. MONTAGU Acts & Mon. v. (1642) 395 The boughts and windings of a deceitfull heart.
1658-9 Burton's Diary (1828) IV. 19 All this winding to me, in plainness, seems an aiming at no House.
a1677 BARROW Serm. Eph. v. 4 Wks. 1687 I. 195 The numberless rovings of fancy and windings of language.
1818 SCOTT Br. Lamm. xx, The subtle lawyer, accustomed..to trace human nature through all her windings.
a1859 MACAULAY Hist. Eng. xxiii. V. 114 To trace all the windings of the negotiation would be tedious.
1870 DISRAELI Lothair l, We are friends and can speak without windings.
b. Mus. A melodic alternation or variation.
1667 C. S
IMPSON Compend. Pract. Mus. 85 These little windings and bindings with Discords and Imperfect Concords after them, do very much delight the Ear.
1667 PLAYFORD Skill Mus. I. 41 Those long windings and turnings of the Voyce are ill used.
1706 A. BEDFORD Temple Mus. iv. 75 Which he performs with various turnings and windings of the Voice.
1917 T. S. ELIOT Prufrock & Other Observations 18 Among the windings of the violins And the ariettes Of cracked cornets.
3. Carpentry, etc. Condition of being twisted; chiefly in phr. out of winding = out of wind (WIND n.2 3); in winding, twisted.
1711 W. SUTHERLAND Shipbuild. Assist. 46 To make the side Lines and middle Lines of the Decks out of winding one with another.
1721 J. P
ERRY Daggenham Breach 60 Such Piles..could be brought by a straight Line..to meet in the middle of the Breach, and be out of winding,..in the same continued Line as first drove down.
1842 GWILT Archit. §1911 A stone is taken out of winding principally with points.
1880 J. L
OMAS Alkali Trade 328 The tiles themselves must be of good
quality
Dutch preferredand of faultless ‘winding’.
4. a. The action of twining a flexible object round another or itself, esp. the coiling or twining of thread, silk, etc.; wrapping in a shroud (now dial.).
With quot. c 1386 cf. sense 8.
c1386 CHAUCER Pars. T. 
343 The cost of..barrynge, owndynge,..wyndynge or bendynge.
c1440 Promp. Parv. 530 (Winch. MS.) Wyn[d]yng, or twynynge of threde,
tortura,..uel torsura.
1463-4 Rolls of Parlt. V. 503/2 Grete disceit, in wyndyng, foldyng, and makyng of Flecez of Wolle.
1552 HULOET, Wyndynge of sylke, or thread.
1579 Aldeburgh Rec. in
N. & Q. 12th Ser. VII. 328/2 To myles harrisons wiffe and Ales gillion for wyndinge of mother Hue..vi
d.
1619 in Foster
Engl. Factories India (1906) I. 116 Bengala silke..in cleare windinge.
c1796 BURNS The Cardin' o't 6 The cardin' o't, the spinnin' o't; The warpin' o't, the winnin' o't.
1831-3 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) VIII. 716/2 The winding requires the unwearied attention of children to mend the threads that break.
1834 DICKENS Sk. Boz, Steam Excurs., A vast deal of screwing, and tightening, and winding, and tuning, during which Mrs Briggs expatiated to those near her on the immense difficulty of playing a guitar.
1844 G. DODD Textile Manuf. i 37 The process of ‘winding’ is that by which the weft is transferred from the bobbins to the shuttle.
1910 S. P. THOMPSON Life Ld. Kelvin II. 754 The zigzag winding for alternators.
b. With advs. on, out, up; also attrib.
1825 J. NICHOLSON Oper. Mech. 421 Each spinner..fixes the end of the piece that is spun to a winding-up reel.
1835 URE Philos. Manuf. 301 Till the stretch and winding-on were once more completed.
1839 
Dict. Arts, etc. 1110 A winding-on bobbin.
1844 G. DODD Textile Manuf. ii. 63 The ‘winding-on room’ where the cloth is wound uniformly round a thick beam or roller preparatory to the printing.
1873 SPON Workshop Rec. Ser.
I. 201/2 The spools for winding up and winding out should be of the same weight.
1883 Yorksh. Textile Direct. 58 Patent Crabbing or Winding-on Machine.
1898 P. MANSON Trop. Diseases xxxiii. 517 A system of managing guinea worm cases which bids fair to..obviate the serious risks of the old winding out system.
5. Hoisting or hauling by means of a winch, windlass, or the like. Also with up.
c1440 Promp. Parv. 529 (Winch. MS.) Wyyndyng with wyndas,
obvolucio.
Ibid. 530 Wyndynge vp of thyngis
at bene heuy,
euolucio.
c1575 Ship Lawis in
Balfour's Practicks (1754) 620 Gif ane tun or pype be tint in the winding or heising, in fault of the cordis.
1881 RAYMOND Mining Gloss.,
Winding, hoisting with a rope and drum.
1883 GRESLEY Gloss. Coal-mining,
Winding, the operation of raising by means of a steam-engine, with ropes and cages, the produce of the mine.
6. Usually with up, of a clock or other mechanism: see WIND v.1 20b, 24e. Also fig.
1630 J. TAYLOR (Water P.)
World runs on Wheels Wks.
II. 234/1 The new found Instrument that goes by winding vp like a Iacke.
1728 YOUNG Love Fame I. 282 Is there a tongue, like Delia's o'er her cup, That runs for ages without winding-up?
1737 Gentl. Mag. Feb. 68/1 So that no Time is lost in winding.
1832 BABBAGE Econ. Manuf. v. (ed. 3) 38 The half minute which we daily devote to the winding-up of our watches.
1884 St. James's Gaz. 28 Mar. 6/1 The unfortunate thing about spirit-drinking is..that the drinker requires more and more ‘winding-up’ as he goes on.
7. winding up: conclusion, finish (see WIND v.1 24d); now usually, the bringing to an end the activities of a business concern; also attrib.
1560 J. DAUS tr.
Sleidane's Comm. 64b, How vnfortunate..hath bene the successe and wyndyng vp of commotioners [orig.
seditiosorum exitus].
1570-6 LAMBARDE Peramb. Kent (1596) 481 Crafty counseiles..be hard in the handeling, and wofull in the winding vp [orig.
euentu tristia].
1576 FLEMING tr.
Caius' Dogs (1880) 1 In the wynding vp of your Letter written and directed to Doctour Turner.
Ibid. 44 The winding vp of this worke, called the Supplement, &c.
1678 CUDWORTH Intell. Syst. 879 If they would but expect the winding up of things, and stay till the last Close.
1705 R. C
ROMWELL Let. in
Engl. Hist. Rev. (1898) XIII. 123 The winding up of your bottom will be more pleasing.
1782 in
Mme. D'Arblay's Diary (1904) II. 97 My warm approbation of the whole work [‘Cecilia’] together:..the winding up beyond all compare, more happy, [etc.].
1809 MALKIN Gil Blas IV. vi.
15 She..detailed the progress of the plot to the winding up of the catastrophe.
1824 LADY GRANVILLE Lett. (1894) I. 271 The Hague season is nearly over, and a ball on Thursday is almost the winding up.
1834 DE QUINCEY Autob. Sk. ix. Wks. 1853 I. 240 The year 1782 brought that war to its winding up.
1858 SIMMONDS Dict. Trade, Winding-up Act.
1875 Economist 30 Jan. 131/2 The shareholders are asked to oppose the projected winding-up.
1895 Times 19 Jan. 15/6 A winding-up order having recently been made against this company.
II. That which winds or is wound.
8. a. An object that winds or is wound round; a coil or coiled object; a curved, circular, or twining pattern, ornament, piece of material, etc.
c1050 Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 505/24
Plecta, windonge. [Cf. 471/1
Plectas,
ewind.]
1356 in
Pipe Roll 32 Edw. III, m. 33/2 (P.R.O.), ij. Exeronges, xxiiij. Wyndynges, ij. naues, ij. lynces.
1382 WYCLIF 1 Kings vii. 29 Betwix the litil crownes and wyndyngis, liouns, and oxen.
1486 Nottingham Rec. III. 244, iij. wyndynges of iren aboute a ledder.
1555 in Feuillerat
Revels Q. Mary (1914) 183 Wroughte with white partye payned barwyse wyndinge which was taken owte of the borders of hanginges.
1612 T. TAYLOR Comm. Titus i. 7 (1619) 151 Those who are alreadie clasped in the windings of this sinne.
c1633 MILTON Arcades 47 To nurse the Saplings tall, and curl the grove With Ringlets quaint, and wanton windings wove.
1699 T. BAKER Refl. Learn. ix. 102 A Man must see the folds and windings of a knot before he can unty it.
1764 J. FERGUSON Lect. iii. 43 The winch..must turn the cylinder once round before the weight or resistance..can be moved from one spiral winding to another.
a1825 FORBY Voc. E. Anglia s.v., In Suffolk the flannel, which is wound round a corpse, is called a winding.
b. Electr. An electric conductor that is wound round a magnetic material, esp. (a) a coil encircling part of the stator or rotor of an electric motor or generator, or an assembly of such coils connected to form one circuit; (b) one forming part of a transformer.
1888 S. P. THOMPSON Dynamo-Electric Machinery (ed. 2) xii. 259 If the successive sections are to be connected up consecutively, then they must be wound..alternately with right-handed and left-handed windings.
1947 R. LEE Electronic Transformers & Circuits v. 141 In step-down transformers the capacitance may be regarded as existing mainly across the primary winding; in step-up transformers, across the secondary winding.
1962 Newnes Conc. Encycl. Electr. Engin. 894/1 The simplest type of winding is a field coil around a salient pole.., the coil comprising a number of turns (between one and several thousand) of wire or strip.
1979 N
ASAR & U
NNEWEHR Electromechanics & Electric Machines iii. 67 Transformer windings are constructed of solid or stranded copper or aluminum conductors.
9. A curved, sinuous, or meandering line, path, passage, or the like; esp. pl. meanderings, twists and turns.
1387 TREVISA Higden (Rolls) I 9
is matir, as laborintus, Dedalus hous,
ha many..wyndynges and wrynkelynges.
1398 Barth. De P.R. XIII. vi. (1495) Cvb/1 Tygris..passith in to y
e redde see after many turnynges & wyndynges
1552 HULOET, Wyndynges and turnynges,
amfractus.
1601 HOLLAND Pliny V. v. I. 94 Berenice standeth upon the utmost winding and nouke of Syrtis.
1615 CHAPMAN Odyss. IV. 1084 The wards, or windings of the key.
1631 WIDDOWES Nat. Philos. 50 A little skin in the lowest winding, or turning of the eare.
a1700 EVELYN Diary 9 June 1654, The Mount, to which we ascended by windings for neere halfe a mile.
1725 DE FOE Voy. round World (1840) 192 Fetching several compasses and windings.
1788 COWPER Dog & Water-Lily 28, I..follow'd long The windings of the stream.
1801 SOUTHEY Thalaba V. xxv, A loud shriek, That shook along the windings of the cave.
1847 W. C. L. MARTIN Ox 134/2 That action by which the aliments are carried through the windings of the intestinal canal.
1873 MAXWELL Electr. & Magn. II. 277 The number of windings of the wire between any two small circles.
10. A flexible rod or withy (obs. or dial.); esp. (collect. sing. or pl.) the rods or withies used in making or repairing walls; hence, the process involving their use.
1405-6 Durham Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 222 Cariantibus stramen ad tecturam, 2
s. It. pro adquisicione de wyndyng, 15
d.
1474-5 Ibid. 289 In le dalbyng et le wyndyng inter~close wallez, sydewallez, gawellez.
1523-34 FITZHERB. Husb. §126 With the wyndynge of the edderynges thou doost leuse thy stakes.
1550 Ludlow Churchw. Acc. (Camden) 44 Item, to John James for wyndynge and dawbynge ther..viijd.
1599 Order Bk. Hartlebury Gram. School (1904) 24 It'm..for windinge and dawbinge of the church howse.
1601 HOLLAND Pliny XIII. iv. I. 387 To make windings to bind vines.
Ibid. XXXV. xiv. II. 555 The manner of making walls, by dawbing windings and hurdles with mud and clay.
1649 Order Bk. Hartlebury Gram. School (1904) 72 For poules for studds ease poules and windings and carriadge of them o6o.
1674 RAY S. & E.C. Words,
Vrith, Eththerings or windings of hedges.
1688 HOLME Armoury III. xiv. (Roxb.) 19/2 Thatchers Termes... Windings, twigs that will bend.
1852 Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. XIII.
II. 281 Farmers find posts and rails cheaper..than the old system of ‘stake and rice’.
Note. Called ‘cock-guard’ in some parts; in others ‘winding’.
1887 S. Chesh. Gloss.,
Weindins, the boughs which are interwoven with the stakes used to shore up the bank of a stream.
III. 11. attrib. and Comb., as (sense 4) winding 
blade (BLADE n. 10c), -loft, -machine, machinery, master, room, stool (STOOL n. 6); (sense 5, esp. in nautical and mining use) winding accident, baly (app. = BAIL n.5, bucket), engine (-engineman), -gear, hawser, hour, iron, pit, -pulley, -rope, shaft, tackle, time, wheel; (sense 6) winding button, hole, pinion, square, wheel; 
winding band [BAND n.2 5], a bandage; winding sticks, strips, two equal pieces of wood with straight parallel edges used to determine whether a surface is true (cf. 3).
1895 Cath. News 14 Sept. 3 Two terrible *winding accidents occurred in mines in Rhondda Valley.
1336 Acc. Exch. K.R. 19/31 m. 5 (P.R.O.) In .ij. *Wyndi[n]gbalies emptis ad eandem [galeam]... Et in ij petris corde de canabo emptis pro Wyndyngrop.
1582 N. T. (Rhem.) John xi. 44 Bound feete and handes with *winding bandes.
1585 HIGINS Junius' Nomencl. 262/2
Fascia,..a swathing cloth or winding band to..tye vp wounds.
1530 PALSGR. 184
Vnes tournettes, a payre of *wyndynge blades to wynde yarne upon.
1881 BRITTEN Watch & Clockm. 71 A contrate wheel squared on to the stem of the *winding button.
1858 SIMMONDS Dict. Trade,
*Winding-engine, an engine for drawing up buckets, etc. from a well or shaft.
1875 KNIGHT Dict. Mech.,
Winding-engine,..a hoisting steam-engine.
1883 GRESLEY Gloss. Coal-mining, Winding Engine.
1904 Daily Chron. 23 Apr. 6/4 A terrible calamity was averted at the Navigation Colliery..by the heroism..of the *winding engineman.
1875 KNIGHT Dict. Mech.,
*Winding-gear, an English term for the winding-machine for mines.
1417 in
For. Acc. 8 Hen. V D/2 (P.R.O.), j *Wyndyng hauncer.
1485 Naval Acc. Hen. VII (1896) 36 Smalle Warps,..Hawsers,..Wyndyng hausers.
1688 HOLME Armoury III. xx. (Roxb.) 240/1 On[e] thick gut string, which is played upon with a long Bow or Base Viol stick at the head of it a little below the *winding hole.
1893 Daily News 4 May 2/1 In South Wales the *winding hours were
9
to 10 hours on four days in the week.
1420 in
For. Acc. 3 Hen. VI F/2
dorso (P.R.O.), *Wyndyng [i]rone.
1846 G. DODD Brit. Manuf. Ser.
VI. 197 The tarred haul then passes into the ‘*winding-loft’, where it is wound..upon bobbins.
1825 J. NICHOLSON Oper. Mech. 422 The two *winding-machines may also be driven by the endless rope.
1855 Orr's Circ. Sci., Inorg. Nat. 248 Disarrangement of the *winding machinery.
1881 Instr. Census Clerks (1885) 68 Cotton Mill:.Winding Room... *Winding Master.
1885 C. G. W. LOCK Workshop Rec. Ser.
IV. 337/1 Examine the *winding-pinion depth, to see that it is neither too deep nor shallow.
1417 in
For. Acc. 8 Hen. V D/1
dorso (P.R.O.), j Ketille j Fane et *Wyndyngpoley.
1890 W. J. GORDON Foundry 165 The *winding room, where the women sit some twenty deep in rank after rank by the side of the benches.
1913 Times 7 Aug. 4/4 [He] denied that he ever smoked in the ‘winding’ or operating rooms.
1336 *Wyndyngrop [see
winding-baly].
1424 For. Acc. 59 m. 22
dorso (P.R.O.), j hausere pro wyndyngrope.
1883 GRESLEY Gloss. Coal-mining,
Winding Ropes, the ropes by which a cage, chair,..&c., are raised and lowered in a pit-shaft.
Ibid.,
*Winding Shaft or Pit, the pit-shaft used chiefly for winding purposes.
1884 BRITTEN Watch & Clockm. 35 During the going of the clock the shutter..stood in front of the *winding square.
1823 P. NICHOLSON Pract. Builder 255 *Winding Sticks are always used in pairs.
1530 PALSGR. 289/1 *Wyndyng stole,
tournette.
a1625 H. MANWAYRING Sea-man's Dict. s.v., The *winding tackle is thus fitted: a great double block with three shivers in it, which is fast seized to the end of a small cable, which is brought about the head of the mast and so serves for a pendant [etc.].
c1635 N. BOTELER Dial. Sea Services (1685) 116
Winding Tackle blocks.
1867 SMYTH Sailor's Word-bk.,
Winding-tackle pendant, a strong rope made fast to the lower mast-head, and forming the support of the winding-tackle.
1908 Daily Chron. 10 Dec. 5/7 Both *winding times are to be excluded from the calculation of eight hours.
1675 in Jeaffreson
Middx. County Rec. (1892) IV. 61 Unam rotam Harpedon anglice vocatam a *winding wheele.
1884 BRITTEN Watch & Clockm. 240 The operation of throwing the winding wheels out of action.
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