This new print publication provides a unique resource for scholars researching linguistic and literary history, the history of the language, social history, and more. Read more and see a sample page.
Brit. /pr
be
/, /prbe()n/, U.S. /pro
be()nr/ Forms: 15- probationer, 16 probacioner; also Sc. 17 probashoner, 17- probationer, 18 probawtioner, 19- probaationer. [< PROBATION n. + -ER suffix1. Compare post-classical Latin probationarius (see PROBATIONARY n.).]
A person who is on probation or trial.
1. In specific uses.
a. A candidate for a scholarship or fellowship in a college (originally and esp. an Oxford college) admitted on probation; a probationer fellow. Now hist.
1562 in
Registrum Matthei Parker (1928) II. 701 Furst being examined uppon his Bill of detection he saieth that he being probationer about iiij
or yeres agonne did use to lie in bedd with Mr. Leche.
1616 B. JONSON Epicoene I. i. 81 in
Wks. I, And, euery day, gaine to their colledge some new probationer.
1691 A. WOOD Athenæ Oxonienses I. 326 Thomas Bodley..was admitted Bach. of Arts in Jul. 1563. and soon after being elected Probationer of Merton coll. determined in the Lent following.
1764 B. MARTIN Misc. Corr. III. 293 This learned Divine was sent early to the University of Oxford, and was first admitted Commoner of Queen's College; but was soon removed to Merton College, where he was first Probationer, and afterwards Fellow.
1837 J. R. MCCULLOCH Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire II.
V. i. 458 It is customary in some colleges for individuals elected to fellowships to pass a year as probationers, during which they receive no income, and are considered as holding their appointment merely at will.
1874 Times 24 Nov. 9/6 Every Fellow so elected, if he shall cease to hold such office within seven years from his admission as a probationer, shall thereupon vacate his Fellowship.
1962 M. T
REVOR Newman 45 He wrote in his journal, ‘I have this morning been elected Fellow of Oriel.’.. But although he now had a home, an income and a career before him, there was no let-up in work. Till next year he was only a probationer.
b. A novice in a religious house or order. Later also (chiefly U.S.): a person who has joined a church on a probationary basis and is not yet a full member.
1629 J. WADSWORTH Eng. Spanish Pilgrime viii. 81 Before they enter their..Religious Houses, to be Probationers.
1772 J. G K
ING Rites Greek Church in Russia 376 The probationer takes up the scissars..and delivers them..to the hegumen.
1857 P. CARTWRIGHT Autobiogr. 39 There were in the entire bounds of the Western Conference, of members, probationers, colored and all, two thousand, four hundred and eighty-four.
1892 ‘H. S. MERRIMAN’ Slave of Lamp xxi, He was in the dress of a Probationer of the Society of Jesus.
1934 Helena (
Montana
)
Independent 11 Mar. 2/2 St. Paul's M. E. Church... Calendar for the week: Tuesday..probationer's class at 4.10.
2002 Early Amer. Life June 50/2 Each village was organized into several self-sufficient units, each with twelve to 120 men and women, called
Families
one for probationers, another for younger men, women, and children committed to the Shaker life, and a Church Family for Believers secure in the faith.
c. Christian Church. A candidate for the ministry; a person, esp. in a non-episcopal church, who is licensed to preach but not yet ordained.
1645 MILTON Colasterion 4 A stripling Divine or two of those newly fledge Probationers, that usually come scouting from the University.
1694 Act Gen. Assembly c. 10. 12 The General Assembly hereby Appoints, That when such persons are first Licensed to be Probationers, They shall oblidge themselvs to Preach only within the bounds, or by the Direction of that Presbytry, which did License them.
a1732 T. BOSTON Memoirs (1776)
IV. 32, I past two years and three months in the character of a probationer.
1764 J. BOSWELL Jrnl. 23 Dec. in
Boswell on Grand Tour (1953) I. 271, I found..a probationer (a
proposant) a-reading the Bible to the congregation.
1845 Indiana Mag. Hist. 23 31, I find he traveled nine years as a probationer and member of the Western and Tennessee conferences.
1876 Bk. of Sc. Story 110 In the metropolis of Scotland, I received licence as a probationer.
1904 R. SMALL Hist. U.P. Congregat. II. 428 The presentee was Mr. David Duncan, probationer.
1965 Methodist Recorder 1 Apr. 5/2 The Rev. Barrie A. Allcott, a probationer to be ordained at this year's Plymouth Conference.
1998 Daily Mail (Nexis) 7 Apr. 23 In future, probationers will also be required to attend the same course..before they enter the ministry.
d. Sc. Law. A newly appointed judge of the Court of Session before he takes the oath. More fully Lord Probationer (see Lord Probationer n. at LORD n. Compounds 2). Obs. rare.
1751 Acts Sederunt Scotl. (1790) 458 Recommend to the Lord Woodhall, probationer, to sit with the said Ordinary.
e. orig. Brit. A person training to be a nurse, esp. while working in a hospital; a student nurse. Now chiefly hist.
1848 Times 15 Feb. 1/5 The inmates of the Institution [
sc. a training institution for nurses] should consist of three classes:
First, Those under training as probationers [etc.].
1876 Monthly Packet Mar. 206 Her one idea was to be a hospital nurse... Her father and mother soon consented..and she went as probationer into a hospital.
1899 West-End 23 Aug. 14/1 [The nurse] must receive a certificate, and do a further three months as probationer in a family..,or at some special Institution, before she dons her pretty neat brown uniform, and sallies forth as a fully-fledged Norland nurse.
1925 S. LEWIS Arrowsmith vi. 54 A singularly vulgar probationer, a thin and slangy young woman apparently from the West.
1964 G. L. COHEN What's Wrong with Hospitals? iv. 74 The probationers agreed that minor ops gave the most trouble.
2001 P. D. JAMES Death in Holy Orders (2002) 13, I thought of the first body I'd seen, all those years ago, as an eighteen-year-old probationer... Nursing was different in those days.
f. orig. N.Z. A newly qualified teacher during his or her first year in a school.
1921 N.Z. Educ. Gaz. 1 Dec. 21/1 Central classes for the instruction of pupil-teachers, probationers, and uncertificated teachers in science and in drawing and hand~work may..be established by an Education Board. 1922 N.Z. Educ. Gaz. 1 June 62/2 Pupil-teachers and probationers may not attend any classes in hygiene established for uncertificated teachers. 1963 B. PEARSON Coal Flat i. 8 You were here [i.e. at this school] before, as probationer, weren't you? 1990 Lang. Learning Jrnl. Sept. 87/3 It was arranged that I should work alongside the probationers in an advisory capacity. 2004 Times Educ. Suppl. (Nexis) 17 Dec. 5 Only around 10 per cent of last year's probationers did not receive a permanent job after completing their induction year, a survey of education authorities has revealed.
2. In general use.
a. A person who is qualifying or training for some position, role, or office; someone placed on probation to observe or test his or her suitability, esp. for a job to which he or she is newly appointed; a candidate, novice.
1603 J. FLORIO tr. Montaigne
Ess. III. ii. 485 [He] is still a prentise and a probacioner.
1691 T. SHADWELL Scowrers V. i. 52 You must be at least a years Probationer.
1729 SWIFT Modest Proposal 6 They learn the Rudiments much earlier, during which time, they can however be properly looked upon only as Probationers.
1836 H. TAYLOR Statesman xxiii. 174 A twelvemonths' probation, at the end of which the probationer is pronounced to be either fit or unfit for admission on the establishment.
1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 108/1 Admission [to the Royal Academy Schools] is gained by submitting certain specimens of drawing or modelling, and the successful candidates, called probationers, have then to undergo a further test in the schools.
1989 in R. Graef
Talking Blues iv. 140, I had a Street Duties Sergeant who gave me an excessively hard time. I didn't know whether it was because of my colour or because I was a probationer.
2006 Yorks. Post (Nexis) 26 Jan., There are 20 boy choristers and 12 songmen in the choir, as well as four probationers.
b. In extended use and fig.
1642 MILTON Apol. Smectymnuus in
Wks. (1851) III. 306 To make my selfe a canting Probationer of orisons.
1689 W. SHERLOCK Pract. Disc. Death (1731) i. §1. 20 Adam..was but a Probationer for Immortality.
1703 M. C
HUDLEIGH Song Three Children 22 in
Poems Several Occasions, We must live Probationers for Joy, In noble Deeds our coming Hours imploy.
1754 S. RICHARDSON Hist. Sir Charles Grandison (1781) V. xxxiii. 211 The brevity and vanity of this life, in which we are but probationers.
1823 C. LAMB On Some of Old Actors in
Elia 306 Green probationers in mischief.
1844 R. W. EMERSON Ess. 2nd Ser. vi. 197 The animal is the novice and probationer of a more advanced order.
1998 Ottawa Citizen (Nexis) 10 Oct.
L1 Regarding herself as a mere probationer in the world of television, she intends to give her $133,000 fee for the series to charity.
3. In criminal jurisdiction: a person serving probation (PROBATION n. 3) .
a. Austral. A convict serving a sentence of probation (PROBATION n. 3a). Now hist.
1840 S. Austral. Rec. (
London
)
29 Aug. 133 By the introduction of the probationers, after a sojourn at Norfolk Island..more vice will be introduced than by the present system.
1858 T. MCCOMBIE Hist. Colony Vic. 227 Two thousand probationers, and the like number of free emigrants.
1886 Times 11 Nov. 10/6 If the probationer failed to comply with the necessary, but not onerous, conditions of provisional liberty, she might have been brought up and without costly formality condemned to salutary punishment.
1955 R. M. H
ARTWELL in G. Greenwood
Australia ii. 87 The probation system failed: it was expensive, because it involved holding the convict under government control for a longer period than under assignment; the probationers, when they were employable, could not be employed because the depression of the forties greatly reduced the demand for labour.
b. Law. Orig. U.S. An offender who has been placed on probation (PROBATION n. 3b).
1907 Rep. Study of Probation (N.Y. State Probation Comm.) 19 After a child is received on probation the chief probation officer endeavors above all else to secure the confidence of the probationer. 1949 Times-Picayune (New Orleans) 13 Nov. 23/4 Usually probationers are first offenders with good, clean records behind them. 1986 Stone's Justices' Man. (ed. 118) III. V. 6025 If a probation officer becomes aware that a person under his supervision proposes to change or has changed his residence..he shall apply, in the case of a probationer, to the supervising court to amend the order. 1991 D. WHITFIELD State of Prisons (BNC) 122 The prison officials are supposed to provide each probationer with employment at this stage in the rehabilitation process. 2004 G. WOODWARD I'll go to Bed at Noon xxiii. 363 ‘I was released last week’. ‘Where are you staying?’‘I've been put in a probationer's hostel in Hackney.’
COMPOUNDS
attrib. Of or relating to a probationer, that is a probationer. Chiefly appositive, with sense ‘that is on probation or trial (for the position indicated by the second element)’, as probationer fellow, probationer nurse, probationer teacher, etc.
1649 T. FULLER Just Mans Funeral 17 The Probationer-Disciple said to our Saviour,
Master, I will follow thee whithersoever thou goest.
1673 H. HICKMAN Hist. Quinq-articularis 18 It is but a probationer attribute.
1679 A. WOOD Life & Times (1892) II. 461 Tom Wood chose probationer fellow of New Coll.
a1715 BP. G. BURNET Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 237 One Maccail, that was only a probationer preacher.
1747 Rules & Statutes Govt. Hertford College 6 For 8 Probationer Students, of 6
l. 13
s. 4
d. a Year Each.
1777 P. LUCKOMBE Hist. & Art of Printing 94 Robert Crowley..was soon after made demy of Magdalen College. In 1542, being bachelor of arts, [he] was made probationer fellow of the said house.
1861 Times 9 May 4/6 Probationer Nurses at St. Thomas's Hospital.
There will be twelve vacancies, on the 24th June, for women desirous of being trained as hospital nurses.
1899 Westm. Gaz. 15 Mar. 5/1 A special class of the Naval Reserve, to be called the ‘probationer class’.
1948 Daily Gleaner (
Kingston, Jamaica
)
26 June 8/6 A young man or woman..registered as a probationer teacher and paid as such.
1989 E. D
UNLOP Valley of Deer ii. 7 Jenny didn't know how her parents would cope when she left home at Christmas to become a probationer nurse.
1995 Independent 16 Feb. 8/7 There were other
concernsfor her own position as a newcomer to the section house and as a probationer police officer.
DERIVATIVES
probationerhood n. Obs. rare = probationership n.
1845 J. CAIRNS Let. in
Life (1895) x. 234 This knight errant of *probationerhood.
pro
bationership n. the position or condition of a probationer; = PROBATIONSHIP n.
1625 P. H
EYLYN 
(rev. ed.) 562 All their estates they inioyed in common, and receiued no man into their fellowship, vnlesse he would giue all that he had into their Treasury; & not then neither vnder a three yeares *probationership.
1780 T. SHERIDAN Gen Dict. Eng. Lang.,
Probationership, state of being a probationary noviciate.
1846 Littell's Living Age 11 Apr. 83/2 It seems customary with young men of respectability to serve as common seamen, either as a probationership to the navy, or as a mode of seeing life.
1937 Times 30 Aug. 12/3 He then entered the employment of Sotherans at 36, Piccadilly, and after five years probationership was given a wage of 30s. a week, upon which he got married.
2004 Jrnl. Southeast Asian Stud. (Nexis)
35 21 While the bulk of the students graduating from the Malay College went to find jobs in the lower subordinate government services..a minority entered a three-year probationership with a view to becoming members of the Malay Administrative Service.
This message is confidential. You should not copy it or disclose its contents to anyone. You may use and apply the information for the intended purpose only. OUP does not accept legal responsibility for the contents of this message. Any views or opinions presented are those of the author only and not of OUP. If this email has come to you in error, please delete it, along with any attachments. Please note that OUP may intercept incoming and outgoing email communications.
No comments:
Post a Comment