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(
dju
pl
k
t) [ad. L. duplic
t-us doubled, pa. pple. of duplicre to double: see next.]
A. adj.
1. a. Double, twofold, consisting of two corresponding parts; that is made or exists in two corresponding examples.
1432-50 tr.
Higden (Rolls) I. 125 Galile is a region betwene the Iewery and Palestine, whiche is duplicate, the superior and inferior.
1533-4 Act 25 Hen. VIII, c. 21 §12 No man..shal pay any more..then shalbe..limitted in the saide duplicate bokes of taxes.
1657 HOBBES Absurd Geom. Wks. 1845 VII. 382 Euclid has but one word for double and duplicate.
1670 W. SIMPSON Hydrol. Ess. 152 Nitro-aluminous, or duplicate salt.
1856 DOVE Logic Chr. Faith V. i. §1. 248 Astronomy is a science of duplicate origin.
1882 C. PEBODY Eng. Journ. xx 148 The
Standard is a morning and an evening paper, and is the only London newspaper which now appears in this duplicate form.
b. duplicate ague: see DUPLICATED 3.
1822-34 GOOD Study Med. (ed. 4) I. 607 The fifth species [i.e. complicated ague] is distinguished from the rest by its peculiar complexity, consisting of double tertians, triple tertians, unequal tertians, duplicate tertians.
2. Double, doubled; consisting of twice the number or quantity.
1548 HALL Chron., Hen. VII, (an. 6) (1550) 23 The estates of Bruges little doubted to admit so small a nombre into so populous a company, ye though the numbre were duplicate.
1883 Syd. Soc. Lex. s.v., Double, duplicate. Applied to flowers having a double row of petals.
3. That is the exact counterpart or ‘double’ of something already in existence: applied to any number of such copies or specimens of a thing.
1812 J. SMYTH Pract. of Customs App. (1821) 375 Sometimes..goods..are included with other goods, in a warrant passed in the Wood Farm Office; in which case the Landing Waiter is furnished with a duplicate warrant from thence, as his authority for the delivery.
1847 EMERSON Repr. Men, Montaigne Wks. I. 341 The duplicate copy of Florio, which the British Museum purchased.
1863 P. BARRY Dockyard Econ. 194 For each ship of war there are duplicate boilers, either in store, in hand, or in contemplation.
1895 Stanley Gibbons' Stamp Catal. 593 A convenient means of keeping duplicate or superfluous stamps.
4. duplicate proportion, ratio: the proportion or ratio of squares, in relation to that of the radical quantities.
1678 HOBBES Decam. v. 57 'Tis because all heavie Bodies Naturally descend with proportion of swiftness duplicate to that of the time.
1794 SULLIVAN View Nat. II. 386 All the particles of matter attracting one another in the reciprocal duplicate ratio of their distances.
1827 HUTTON Course Math. I. 330 If any number of quantities be continued proportionals; the ratio of the first to the third, will be duplicate or the square of the ratio of the first and second.
1831 BREWSTER Newton (1855) I xii. 309 He must have been acquainted with the duplicate proportion before his conversation with Hooke.
5. duplicate bridge, whist, a type of bridge or whist in which the hands are replayed by different persons.
1891 J. T. M
ITCHELL (
title) Duplicate whist. Its rules and methods of play.
1894 R. F. FOSTER Duplicate Whist 27 The theory of duplicate whist, or Rejoué,..is that the play of each of the competitors..shall be contrasted with that of the others, by giving to each the same cards, with the same advantages or disadvantages of position at the table, an equal number of times.
1929 M. C. WORK Bridge Pointers & Tests 184
Duplicate Auction Bridge, a form of the game in which the hands are played more than once (
i.e., over~played).
1959 Listener 13 Aug. 262/1 In duplicate bridge 50 points are added for all part-score contracts.
6. Genetics. Designating one of two or more non-allelic genes having indistinguishable effects.
1914 G. H. S
HULL in
Zeitschrift für Induktive Abstammungs- und Vererbungslehre XII. 96 (
heading) Duplicate genes for capsule-form in
Bursa bursa-pastoris.
Ibid. 120 By ‘duplicate’ determiners I understand those which, when separated from each other, produce characters so like that they can not be distinguished from one another.
1949 DARLINGTON &
MATHER Elem. Genetics 410 Two genes of identical but non-cumulative effect are said to be
duplicate.
1951 Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. XVI. 162/1 We also assume that the component genes are not identical; i.e., that they do not represent duplicate genes which have yet to diverge in function.
B. n. [absol. use of the adj.; in F. duplicata, a. med.L. duplicata (charta, etc.)]
1. One of two things exactly alike, so that each is the ‘double’ of the other; especially, that which is made from or after the other. a. A second copy of a letter or official document, having the legal force of the original: whether made along with it, for separate custody or transmission, or prepared subsequently to take the place of the other in case of loss. b. The second copy of a bill drawn in two parts; a ‘second of exchange’. c. A pawnbroker's ticket.
1532 S
IR J. R
USSELL in Ellis
Orig. Lett. Ser.
II. I. 303, I do send a post unto your Highnes with the duplicate of these my said Lettres who goyth by Alemaignie.
1575 in W. H. Turner
Select. Rec. Oxford (1880) 374 Two duplicats thereof to be signed.
1641 Termes de la Ley 130 Duplicat is a second letters Patents graunted by the Lord Chancellour, in case where hee hath graunted the same before, and therefore they are held void by M. Crompton.
1648 CROMWELL Let. 2 Oct. in
Carlyle, Duplicates of all which I have sent to the Committee at Derby House, and therefore forbear to trouble you with the things themselves.
1683 Col. Rec. Pennsylv. I. 20 That a transcript or Duplicate of all lawes, be transmitted to the privy Councell.
1818 CRUISE Digest (ed. 2) VI 113 The original and duplicate being but one will, they must stand or fall together.
1828 WEBSTER s.v., A second letter or bill of exchange exactly like the first is called a duplicate.
1836-9 DICKENS Sk. Boz, Pawnbroker's Shop (D.), This elegantly attired individual is in the act of entering the duplicate he has just made out in a thick book.
1838 
O. Twist xxxviii, ‘It was a pawnbroker's duplicate’.
1862 C. STRETTON Chequered Life II. 147 The moment you have cashed your duplicate, which you are certain to receive by next mail..go to the office..and take your berth for Liverpool.
1874 STUBBS Const. Hist. I xi 379 The rolls of the treasurer and chancellor were duplicates.
2. a. Generally, a thing which is the exact counterpart or ‘double’ of another reckoned the original or primary specimen; one of two or more specimens of anything exactly or virtually alike: in this sense there may be any number of ‘duplicates’.
1701 NORRIS Ideal World I. ii. 50 So that one man is but the duplicate or counterpart of another.
1705 HEARNE Collect. 3 Dec., We will part with duplicates [of coins].
1762-71 H. WALPOLE Vertue's Anecd. Paint. (1786) II. 23 He commonly made duplicates of his pictures, reserving one of each for himself.
1771 S
WINTON in
Phil. Trans. LXI. 350 It is so similar to the former..that it may almost..pass for a duplicate of the same coin.
1820 LAMB Elia Ser.
I.
Oxford in Vac., As if a man should suddenly encounter his own duplicate.
1890 OGILVIE Postage Stamps 11 Friends..will soon supply you with plenty of duplicates which you can utilize for exchanges.
b. A word which is in sense exactly the same as another; a synonym.
1839 H. ROGERS Ess. II. iii. 147 These languages, more especially the Latin, have furnished us with duplicates of many words of common objects, which add much to the variety and harmony of expression.
3. in duplicate: in two exactly corresponding copies or transcripts.
[
1627 S
IR N. H
YDE in
St. Trials (1735) VII. 140/1 This was certified under the hands of all the Judges..in a duplicate, whereof the one was delivered to the Lord Chancellor, and the other to the Lord Treasurer.
1660 PEPYS Diary 21 July, I..went to get Mr. Spong to engross it [the agreement] in duplicates.]
1884 Harper's Mag. June 61/1 Receipts for refunds are taken in duplicate.
4. ellipt. for duplicate bridge, whist (see sense A. 5 above). Also attrib.
1894 R. F. FOSTER Duplicate Whist 23 ‘Duplicate’ is looked upon as the coming game.
1898 C. E. L
EIBOLD Woman Proposes xvi. 171, I am primed for a spirited game of duplicate. Come, get ready.
1929 M. C. WORK Complete Contract Bridge 237
Duplicate, a form of the game in which the hands are played more than once (i.e., overplayed).
1963 Listener 17 Jan. 137/1 This point is dealt with in a different manner in the Duplicate Laws.
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